Cognitive Dissonance Essay - 1280 Words

â€Å"Your best friend is having a beer bash tonight. Everyone you talk to indicated their positive intentions of going to the best beer bash of the millennium. However, you have a Psyc 135 final next morning that you havent studied for. Your midterm scores have been low going into the final, but everyone claims that the final is easy every semester. Should you stay home and study for the final or go to this millennium beer bash and merrily consume alcohol?† Above stated scenario raises several questions in my mind and lands me in a state of psychological tension. Having a choice of attending a social event or studying for the final exam puts me in a dilemma as to what to do next. Deciding to stay home and study for a test may very well anger†¦show more content†¦One decision is to stay abstinent from alcohol or follow in the footsteps of my beer bash friends. Prescribing to any of the alternatives may lead to dissonance as drinking may deteriorate health and cause lower grades, while not attending the beer bash may give my best friend and peers a sense of their rejection. What happens to people when they discover dissonant cognitions? The answer to this question forms the postulation of Festinger’s theory. Festingers theory of Cognitive Dissonance postulates that individuals, when presented with evidence contrary to their worldview or situations in which they must behave contrary to their worldview, experience cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957). Dissonance can be simply understood as an â€Å"unpleasant state of tension.† A person who has dissonant or discrepant cognitions is said to be in a state of psychological dissonance, which is experienced as unpleasant psychological tension (Berkowitz amp; Cotton, 1984). This tension state has drive-like properties that are much like those of hunger and thirst. When an individual has been deprived of food for several hours, he/she experiences unpleasant tension and is driven to reduce the unpleasant tension state that results (Berkowitz amp; Cotton, 1984). The general sequence of a psychological tension is as follows, (a) conflict, (b)Show MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance1266 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance or mental stress which is primarily caused by contradictory beliefs, can be a common part of some peoples life’s however we are psychologically motivated to avoid situations which cause mental stress. This paper will discuss a situation and the behavior using attribution theory, the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes as well as how cognitive dissonance theory could be used to rationalize the behavior. Situation and Subsequent Behavior Read MoreCognitive Dissonance1161 Words   |  5 PagesPsych Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance theory has been around since the late fifties. It has inspired many psychologists to figure out the murky depths of people’s minds. The theory relates strongly to decision making, social phenomenons and mental angst. Many paradigms exist within cognitive dissonance. Two important paradigms are the Belief Disconfirmation paradigm and the Free Choice paradigm. There are several experiments that have been studied that relate to cognitive dissonance, includingRead MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory1621 Words   |  7 Pagescreated the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise. Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Paper1671 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The words Cognitive Dissonance were fascinatingly interesting; therefore more research went into the origin of these two words. Both words are Middle English, which was the English in use from 12th to 15th centuries and both used in the 15th century [ (Merriam-Webster, 2011) ]. Cognitive is an adjective meaning, there is physical activity involving the mind; be it: thinking, reasoning or remembering. Dissonance is a noun meaning, when there is a tug-of- war between one’s actions andRead MoreAssignment on Cognitive Dissonance1417 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Paper on Cognitive Dissonance Theory â€Å"Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn t fit in with the core belief.† ― Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, WhiteRead More Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of Cognitive Dissonance states that when individuals are presented with information that implies we act in a way that contradicts our moral standards, we experience discomfort (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 1998, P. 191). This is considered Cognitive Dissonance, A psychological term used to describe mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information; arouses unease or tension; relieved by one of several defensive maneuvers:Read MoreCognitive Dissonance1475 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Consistency, the absence of contradictions, has sometimes been called the hallmark of ethics. Ethics is supposed to provide an individual with a guide for moral living, and to do so it must be rational, and to be rational it must be free of contradictions. When consistency and ethics are compromised, this is known as cognitive dissonance. Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he created the Cognitive Dissonance theoryRead MoreCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead MoreThe Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Essay example877 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by Leon Festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be this controversy that propelled the theory forward. Many years of research has led to many different ideas of what cognitive dissonance really is and why it actually occurs. Festinger developed the term cognitions while developing his theory on cognitive dissonanceRead MoreActions Caused by Cognitive Dissonance Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesFestinger’s cognitive dissonance theory that asserts that we act to reduce discomfort or dissonance, an unpleasant tension, we experience when two of our thoughts or cognitions are inconsistent. Mkimmie, et al. (2003) investigated the impact of social support on cognitive dissonance arousal in their experiment, â€Å"I’m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the Reduction of Cognitive Dissonance.† The psychologists aimed to test the impact of social support on dissonance by testing two

Managing Objectives Of Building Risk Management - 1675 Words

â€Å"The myriad reform and regulation activities (pay for performance, accountable care organizations, physician — hospital alignment) can be overwhelming. These new regulations have associated risks of these activities that will impact an organization’s strategic planning. As a result, many boards and executive teams are taking steps to improve the effectiveness of their risk management and risk governance efforts as these new risks emerge. One of the greatest challenges they face is the ability to make risk intelligent decisions for today, and for the future, without really comprehending the new universe of risks in their changing environment. Making risk intelligent decisions requires an integrated, customized approach elements† (Deloitte). Considerations in building risk management strategies Compliance with regulations is one of the largest risks that the health care industry faces. Because the external environment cannot be controlled, companies will need to control internal environments and operations to reduce their risk. Defining the risk and establishing objectives is one of the first steps to achieving an operational risk management plan. This plan should focus on the daily activities that will help organizations such as the Mayo Clinic achieve their organizational goals. To successfully understand the risk that both internal and external environments hold for organizations, correct alignment of resources will aid in reducing the risk and improving overallShow MoreRelatedProblems Associated With The Building And Construction Commission892 Words   |  4 PagesDespite various construction acts, regulations, standards, codes, licensing regimes, other management approaches such as quality management, risk mana gement, defect management building are still handed with defects. 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Nevertheless, rising discontent with the ruling party and concerns related to humanRead MoreManagement and Project1498 Words   |  6 Pages Project Human Resource Management (DAPM07T) Assignment 03 Portfolio of Evidence Table of Contents Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Project Scope 3 2.1 Project Statement 3 3 Project Objectives. 3 4 Matrix Organisation and responsibilities 4 5 Project title and responsibilities 4 5.1 Project Team 5 5.2 Roles Of the project team 5 5.2.1 Project Manager 5 5.2.2 Project sponsor 6 5.2.3 Contractor Construction 6 5.2.4 Project engineers 6 5.2.5 Project Coordinator 6 5.2.6 ContractorRead MoreProject Management Principles Of A Project Manager Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterial and management. The project would be successful when the project manager has these five variables under control. The key to project success is to pick the right project manager. 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Project management process have these key components. †¢ Integration Management †¢ Scope Management †¢ TimeRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Zimbabwe Agenda For Sustainable Socio Economic Transformation Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance or role played by Enterprise Risk Management in achieving the current goals or objectives of ZimAsset [30] Enterprise risk management (ERM) has been defined by the COSO (2004) as a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assuranceRead MoreWhy Are Successful Projects so Important to Hewlett-Packard?999 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Wiley Sons, Inc. Introduction Rapid growth in project management ï  ¬ In the past, most projects were external ï  ¬ – – – Building a new skyscraper New ad campaign Launching a rocket Developing a new product Opening a new branch Improving the services provided 1-2 ï  ¬ Growth lately is in internal projects – – – 1 8/30/2012 How Project Management Developed ï  ¬ Credit for the development of project management goes to the military – – – Navy’s Polaris program NASA’s ApolloRead MoreRisks in a Home Building Project1486 Words   |  6 Pagesof Risks Associated With Estimating a Home Building Project Michael T Bell PMAN 637 Originality Score 6% A Review of Risks Associated With Estimating a Home Building Project Introduction In building and construction, there are risks associated with estimating a home building project. These risks in construction are all the same across the board regardless the construction. Therefore, a home building projects is confronted with the same risks asRead MoreThe Homeland Security Risk Management1239 Words   |  5 Pages Homeland Security Risk Management Olgera Haywood American Military University Introduction Homeland security in United States comprises of complex and competing requirements, incentives, and interests that need to be managed and balanced effectively to achieve the desired national objectives. Security, resilience and safety of the country are endangered by different hazards such as cyberspace attacks, terrorism, manmade accidents, pandemics, natural disasters and transnational

Fin 486 Final Exam Free Essays

Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The primary emphasis of the financial manager is the use of A) cash flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Fin 486 Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now B) profit incentives. C) organization charts. D) accrued earnings. 1) _______ 2) All of the following are key strengths of a corporation EXCEPT A) low organization costs. B) readily transferable ownership. C) limited liability. D) access to capital markets. 2) _______ 3) The ________ is a measure of liquidity which excludes ________, generally the least liquid asset. A) quick ratio; accounts receivable B) current ratio; accounts receivable C) current ratio; inventory D) quick ratio; inventory 3) _______ 4) FASB Standard No. 52 mandates that U.S. based companies must translate their foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities into dollars using the A) average rate. B) historical rate. C) current rate. D) none of the above. 4) _______ Table 3.5 A financial manager at General Talc Mines has gathered the financial data essential to prepare a pro forma balance sheet for cash and profit planning purposes for the coming year ended December 31, 2004. Using the percent-of-sales method and the following financial data, prepare the pro forma balance sheet in order to answer the following multiple choice questions. (a) The firm estimates sales of $1,000,000. (b) The firm maintains a cash balance of $25,000. (c) Accounts receivable represents 15 percent of sales. (d) Inventory represents 35 percent of sales. (e) A new piece of mining equipment costing $150,000 will be purchased in 2004. Total depreciation for 2004 will be $75,000. (f) Accounts payable represents 10 percent of sales. (g) There will be no change in notes payable, accruals, and common stock. (h) The firm plans to retire a long term note of $100,000. (i) Dividends of $45,000 will be paid in 2004. (j) The firm predicts a 4 percent net profit margin. Balance Sheet General Talc Mines December 31, 2003 5) The pro forma total liabilities amount is (See Table 3.5) A) $650,000. B) $700,000. C) $500,000. 5) _______ D) $550,000. 6) If a United States Savings bond can be purchased for $29.50 and has a maturity value at the end of 25 years of $100, what is the annual rate of return on the bond? A) 6 percent B) 5 percent C) 7 percent D) 8 percent 6) _______ 7) If a person’s required return decreases for an increase in risk, that person is said to be A) risk-indifferent. B) risk-seeking. C) risk-averse. D) risk-aware. 7) _______ Table 8.5 Cuda Marine Engines, Inc. must develop the relevant cash flows for a replacement capital investment proposal. The proposed asset costs $50,000 and has installation costs of $3,000. The asset will be depreciated using a five-year recovery schedule. The existing equipment, which originally cost $25,000 and will be sold for $10,000, has been depreciated using an MACRS five-year recovery schedule and three years of depreciation has already been taken. The new equipment is expected to result in incremental before-tax net profits of $15,000 per year. The firm has a 40 percent tax rate. 8) The initial outlay equals ________. (See Table 8.5) A) $44,100 B) $41,100 8) _______ C) $38,800 D) $38,960 Table 9.6 Nuff Folding Box Company, Inc. is considering purchasing a new gluing machine. The gluing machine costs $50,000 and requires installation costs of $2,500. This outlay would be partially offset by the sale of an existing gluer. The existing gluer originally cost $10,000 and is four years old. It is being depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery schedule and can currently be sold for $15,000. The existing gluer has a remaining useful life of five years. If held until year 5, the existing machine’s market value would be zero. Over its five-year life, the new machine should reduce operating costs (excluding depreciation) by $17,000 per year. Training costs of employees who will operate the new machine will be a one-time cost of $5,000 which should be included in the initial outlay. The new machine will be depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery period. The firm has a 12 percent cost of capital and a 40 percent tax on ordinary income and capital gains. 9) The payback period for the project is (See Table 9.6) A) between 4 and 5 years. B) 2 years. C) 3 years. D) between 3 and 4 years. 9) _______ Table 10.1 A corporation is assessing the risk of two capital budgeting proposals. The financial analysts have developed pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic estimates of the annual cash inflows which are given in the following table. The firm’s cost of capital is 10 percent. 10) If the projects have five-year lives, the range of the net present value for Project B is approximately ________. (See Table 10.1.) A) $201,000. B) $255,410. C) $303,280. D) $80,560. 10) ______ 11) The ________ is the firm’s desired optimal mix of debt and equity financing. A) target capital structure B) book value C) cost of capital D) market value 11) ______ Table 14.5 Caren’s Canoes is considering relaxing its credit standards to encourage more sales. As a result, sales are expected to increase 15 percent from 300 canoes per year to 345 canoes per year. The average collection period is expected to increase to 40 days from 30 days and bad debts are expected to double the current 1 percent level. The price per canoe is $850, the variable cost per canoe is $650 and the average cost per unit at the 300 unit level is $700. The firm’s required return on investment is 20 percent. 12) What is the cost of marginal bad debts under the proposed plan? (See Table 14.5) A) $765 B) $5,100 C) $383 D) $3,315 12) ______ 13) Much of the commercial paper is issued by A) venture capitalists. C) small businesses. 13) ______ B) commercial finance companies. D) small manufacturing firms. 14) The part of finance concerned with design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals, business, and government is called A) Financial Manager. B) Financial Services. C) Managerial Finance. D) none of the above. Table 2.1 14) ______ Information (2005 values) 1. Sales totaled $110,000 2. The gross profit margin was 25 percent. 3. Inventory turnover was 3.0. 4. There are 360 days in the year. 5. The average collection period was 65 days. 6. The current ratio was 2.40. 7. The total asset turnover was 1.13. 8. The debt ratio was 53.8 percent. 15) Inventory for CEE in 2005 was ________. (See Table 2.1) A) $32,448 B) $ 9,167 C) $36,667 How to cite Fin 486 Final Exam, Essay examples

Importance of Tax

Questions: Explanation of income tax using supporting academic references Exploration of the purposes of income tax using supporting academic references Discussion of the fairness and equity of any tax system, using supporting references Balanced discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of increasing income tax rates, using supporting academic references Answers: 1. Income tax refers to the tax levied on the earned or unearned income. The earned income in this case refers to commission, wages and salaries whereas the unearned income refers to the dividend income etc. The income tax is levied by the government on the income that has been generated by the entities and individuals. The tax fund that has been raised by the government is used by them for funding its activities that is further being used to serve the general public. In most of the countries, the government used the progressive income tax system to tax the higher income group people with higher tax rates. Every country has their own income tax act which governs the income tax rules and provisions in the country. The government in most of the countries provides relief to the small business houses. The entities including the individuals are required to file their income tax return every year in order to determine the tax liability or tax refund for the year. The income tax return subm itted by the entities and individuals is tested on random basis by the tax authorities test the viability of the numbers in the returns. Income tax is regarded as the major source of revenue for the central government, which is being further used by them to fund the local and state government needs. 2. The collection of Income tax is important for the growth of the economy. It is the major revenue source of the government which is being further used by them to fund the core basis activities for the betterment of the society. It majorly includes civil services like roads, bridges etc, security, welfare etc. Form the economic standpoint the income tax is important to ensure the economic equalities within the country. This is being by imposing the progressive income tax system to tax the higher income group people with higher tax rates. Further, the income tax imposition is used to maintain the economic stability through equitable distribution of wealth by way of imposing tax to the income earners and improving the economic condition of the general people. Further, through the use of income tax exemption, the government helps in reducing the regional economic disparity by providing tax benefits to the industries to establish their branches in remote locations. The government uses the amount so collected for the welfare and development programme in the country. From the political perspective, the adequate allocation of the income for the various government activities is important. In simpler terms the government arouses the taxes from the productive sectors like industries and uses the same for the growth and betterment of the non productive areas. The income tax is indirectly being used by the government to encourage the need of investment and savings in the economy. The income tax authorities provide the tax benefits to the general public, if they make investment in some specifies areas as provided by the authorities. 3. The fairness and equity in the tax system may mean different for different person. The tax system which has been considered fair in 21st century may not be the same in 18th century. On the other hand, the equity in the tax system focuses on the ability of the person to pay taxes. The tax payer in this case is required to understand how much tax they are liable to pay and further, they should not be in a position to evade the tax. In case of United Kingdom, the concept of fairness is tends to be very complex. People are of the nature that the tax that they are paying shall not be used for financing services which are of no use to them. This thinking by the tax payers may arouse discomfort and as result the feeling of tax evasion and avoidance will into focus. It has been concluded that the loss of legitimacy can be caused from the perception of unfairness. There were authors who supported simple flat rate for tax calculations. They believe that the same can be used to avoid tax evasion but later on authors changed their views and concluded that in order to avoid inequality, the progressivity in tax rates are required. This concept was uniform in the entire world and not only in United Kingdom. There are certain tax laws that contribute to both the fundamental principles of growth and fairness. A tax system which is regarded as fundamentally unfair will soon lose the political support. Further, it has been prov ided that the use of taxation which is of indiscriminate in nature, available to achieve the policy goals tends to increase the complexity of the system. 4. The income tax rates all across the world has been increasing at the considerable rates. The advantages for the same are as follows: The slab rate for the individuals has increased, making the income taxable at a higher rate for the people falling under the higher tax bracket. This basis has increased the basic slab rate making the income of the people falling under the lower tax bracket as exempt. The government will have more money to spend for the welfare of the society. It will provide a stable income stream for the central government of the country. Disadvantages of increase in income tax rates are as follows: The increase in income tax rates will increase the tax burden on the general people. This increase in tax rates will arose a feeling of discomfort as the general people feel that the tax amount so collected from them is used for unproductive areas. This may let to tax evasion and avoidance by the general public. References Hubpages.com, Role of Tax in the Economic Development of a Country, Viewed on 23rd Jan 2016, https://hubpages.com/education/Role-of-Tax-in-the-Economic-Development-of-a-Country Chirmoriya B, 2014, Importance of Tax, Types and Objectives of Tax. Viewed on 23rd Jan 2016, https://www.wisenepali.com/2014/12/importance-of-tax-types-and-objectives.html House of Commons, Principles of tax policy, viewed on 23rd Jan 2016, https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmtreasy/753/753.pdf

Brave New World 3 Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Brave New World 3 Essay, Research Paper Brave New World: Oh, my God, my God! In 1932, Aldous Huxley foremost published the novel, Brave New World. During this clip, the thoughts that Huxley explored in his novel were non a world, but simply science-fiction amusement. Brave New World confronts thoughts of dictatorship, unreal reproduction, anti-individualism, and everlastingly youth- thoughts which were non endangering in the 30 s. In the 1930 s, the high ethical criterions people maintained and the limited sum of scientific cognition did non let for the credence of the types of thoughts found in Brave New World. These values include abstinance, household construction, and life-long marriages- issues that had small to no importance in the Brave New World. As we begin the new millenium, our increasing scientific cognition has taken our curiousity beyond ethical consideration, and Huxley s novel has become much closer to a world than it was 65 old ages ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World 3 Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, Huxley s Brave New World parallels current progresss in genic technology, cloning, the lowering of moral criterions held by the general mass, and the compulsion people have with looking immature. Theses new finds of genic technology and cloning closely parallel the procedure of giving birth in the Brave New World. In Brave New World, people are born unnaturally in trial tubings. Everyone is condidtioned to be the same: to portion the same features, their manner of thought, and their thoughts. Peoples who claimed single idea against the community- such as Bernard in the beginning of the novel- were considered to hold a defect from a lab error during birth, and were ostracized from the community, until they conditioned themself to believe like the remainder of the community. Scientific development in both genic technology and cloning, have made the thought of anti-individualism closer to a world. Genetical technology enables parents to take features for their kid, making a posting kid which finally ends in every kid going a posting kid and all looking the same. Although genic technology is presently under ethical agnosticism, and the cloning of worlds is illegal, it is still po ssible to finally stop all diverseness ( except perchance between cultural groups as in Brave New World ) . Huxley says: Ninety-six indistinguishable twins working 96 indistinguishable machines! You truly cognize where you are Community, Identity, Stability If we could bokanovskify [ a method whereby a human egg has its normal development arrested and whereupon it proceeds to bud, bring forthing many indistinguishable eggs ] indefinetly the whole job would be solved. Both Brave New World and genic technology reference anti-individualism. In Brave New World, everyone is conditioned to believe the same thoughts and values: that being a portion of the community is the most of import facet of life, which are impressed on the heads of the people by two slogans, Community, Identity, Stability, and Everyone belongs to everyone else. The endangering similarity between Genetical engineering/cloning and the Brave New World, is that it idealizes a certain manner for people to look, every bit good as disregard biological person individuality through the possibilty of obtaining indistinguishable familial makeup. Another similarity between Brave New World and our current society trades with scientific ethical issues and the general moral declension in today s universe. In Brave New World, sex is viewed as instant physical satisfaction, advancing promiscuousness, and looking at love patronizingly. No character inquiries these criterions, and the deficiency of single idea creates a rhythm of declension. When Lenina and Bernard sleep together, Bernard subsequently c omments that he wished he had waited, stating: I didn t want it to stop with our traveling to bed, he specified. Lenina was astonished. Not at one time, non on the first twenty-four hours. But so what? ( p.93 ) Lenina, being a victim of society, did non understand Bernard s logical thinking, which by 1930 s criterions, would reflect a deficiency of ethical motives. Although in the 1930 s, sex before matrimony and love was forbidden, today it is wholly accepted. Evidence of this can be seen in the high rate of teenage gestation out of marriage, which is presently at 65 per centum ( harmonizing to The World Almanac 1998 ) . Besides, in Brave New World, the word household is looked down upon, and there is a deficiency of understanding as to why household is of import. In brief, the manager summed up, the parents were the male parent and the female parent These, he said soberly, are the unpleasant facts ; I know it. But so most historical facts are unpleasant. This quotation mark indicates how household construction is looked down upon in Brave New World, as everyone cringes at the tought of holding a female parent or male parent. In the past twelvemonth, 1,225,000 divorces were granted, a rate of 5 per 1,000 population. This statistic indicates a diminution in household construction and a lowering of moral criterions harmonizing to anyone life in the 1930 s. Americans have besides become haunted with everlastingly looking younger than they are, as are the characters in Brave New World. Numerous ads on Television advertize wrinkle-free picks and makeup with aeonian models- for illustration all the Revlon makeup merchandises that promise to conceal furrows. The compulsion with looking younger has become particularly strong today, as our mind has been encephalon washed by images of flawlessness by supermodels on televsion and in magazines. In Brave New World, old age has been abolished and work forces work and are otherwise active until their decease. Youth is particularly of import to Lenina, who thrives on reflecting her personality through her young person, naivete, and artlessness. Sixty-five old ages ago the compulsion over looking immature was non as strong. Miracle picks and ads reflecting juvenility were non as common. In Brave New World, the members of the community were horrified at Linda s show of aging. As she lay deceasing in t he infirmary, a watercourse of indistinguishable eight- twelvemonth olds gawked at her: Oh, expression, expression! They spoke in low frightened voices. Whateveris the affair with her? Why is she so fat? They had neer seen a face like hers before- had neer seen a face that was non vernal and taut-skinned, a organic structure that had ceased to be slender and unsloped. All thses moribund sexagenarians had the visual aspect of infantile misss. At 44, Linda seemed, by contrast, a monster of flaccid and deformed dotage. The attitude of the kids is similar to the attitude of today s society ; people ( adult females in peculiar ) , who are unsuccesful in endeavoring for that expression of flawlessness by society s criterions, are non as easy accepted into society, and frequently gawked at, ridiculed or shunned. Ultimately, Huxley had utmost foresight into the hereafter. Huxley foreshadowed the ethical declension of our society through the naivete of our quickly turning scientific cognition. He understood the manner in which Scientology would overmaster spiritualty and in kernel become the faith of our clip. Hopefully, people will adhere to the anti-utopian message of suppressing single idea, reflected in the Brave New World, and take action in fillet or at least admiting the ethical impairment of our society. Today s society must recognize the necessity of maintaining its diverseness, because individuality is what prevents our sociey from turning into the courageous new universe in Huxley s novel.

First Confession essays

First Confession essays Seven years, being able to live for yourself, not answering to anyone for the wrong you have done, keeping everything to yourself. Then one day, after much anticipation, you have to do it. You must tell someone of all the bad things that you have done in your life. This person you have to tell isnt just any ole person, though; no, it is the priest; a holy man of the Almighty God! Could you imagine what a mortifying experience that would be? Well, that is what little Jackie was facing in Frank OConnors story First Confession found in An Introduction to Fiction on page 719. In the story, little Jackie, a seven-year-old boy, begins telling us of his evil grandmother that moved in due to the death of her husband. He describes to us the hatred he has for her and the way that Nora, his older sister, brown-noses to her to receive a penny every week, and this makes Jackie envious. He tells us of a time when he hid under the dinner table when Gran made dinner and of how he lunged at Nora with a knife when she tried to get him. He continues by describing another woman, Ryan, who is teaching the children ...about Hell...the first place in her heart (OConnor 720) and of the many horrible things she did and said. He decides that because of his horrible behavior, he would skip the day of his first confession, instead of make a bad confession, only to be instructed to go on a different day by himself. The day arrived and Nora brought him to the church. The way there, she told him ...my heart bleeds for you!(O Connor 721) She also reminded him of some of the bad things he did that he needed to confess. When they arrived at the church, Nora turned back into ...the malicious devil she was. (OConnor 721) When it was his turn to enter the confessional, Jackie made many mistakes, such as climbing on the elbow rest, loosing his grip and tumbl...

Leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Leadership and management - Essay Example Besides, the entire program should be tailored to be child-centered since they should be the main focus on the teaching and learning process. However, in order to achieve this, there should be an effective integration of early childhood education. This paper focuses on the role of integration as an important aspect of early childhood education. It is quite reflective, dynamic, inclusive and progressive to be adopted in the contemporary society (Gasper, M., 2009). The term integration, as used in the context of education, refers to the process of building collaborations and combining resources across the social, health, and educational in order to promote the wellbeing of learners. With the increasing demand for education, there need to be measures to ensure that different professionals involved in education provision should work as a team (Aubrey, C., 2011). Since schools act as agents of socialization in the society, they should be properly used to help in preparing children who can adequately comfortably be accommodated and be fruitful to the society upon a successful completion of their studies. However, in order to ensure that children are holistically prepared for this life, measures should be taken right from their time in the pre-school (Whalley, M.E., 2011). Therefore, there is a need to integrate the teaching and learning process. Meaning, all the stakeholders should be ready to collaboratively work as a team. If this happens, it will be easier for them to help their children to be adequately prepared in all spheres of life. As a matter of fact, education should be treated as a whole (Aubrey, C., 2011). When children are introduced to the appropriate social, religious and cultural aspects of their society, they will learn to understand and appreciate them from such a tender age. Therefore, they will eventually become informed people who have the right information about the dynamics of their society (Cleaver, H. et al., 2007). In this

History of capitalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of capitalization - Essay Example Neo-colonialism (that flourished after the 16th century) is just another name for Western influence by means of political, military and ‘economics’ of the third world (Naipaul 3). The European merchants benefitted a lot from the colonialism as the sub-states depended so much on their European masters; the African colonies are the best examples of this dependency (Naipaul 75) that nurtured Merchant Capitalism. People were buying things they didn’t need but they lacked the skill and knowledge to make things that people (especially in African colonies) (Naipaul 54) and the merchants capitalized on this. Africa wasn’t the only colony that gave a boost to Merchant Capitalism, the Indian subcontinent was once the capital of world trade. During the 17th century, the world trade was governed by Mercantile Capitalism, and the Indian subcontinent was the busiest workshop of the world. That place alone contributed to nearly a quarter of global manufacturing output (Ro bins 61). Considering what mercantilism means, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that various trading houses in India governed by people such as Amir Chand and Jagat Seth were wealthier than East India Company (Robins 65), which had huge military support and connections. The East India Company (a monopoly corporation) was an essential part of England’s commercial armory (Robins 48). This company alone revolutionized the whole business pattern of the world. Other than capitalizing on merchant trade, this company was accompanied by the British navy and headed by a brilliant Merchant brain, Sir Josiah Child. Just like other successful merchants of the world, Child believed that wealth lies in extracting as much as possible from the landed regions (Robins 48). India was known as the golden sparrow of the world and the East India Company had caught this bird and was enjoying the benefits. Child believed not only in military dominance but in commercial conquest abroad (Robins 49); the typical merchant business strategy. He traded with Mughals and got the better part of the trade by taking Bengal (Robins 49). Despite the fact that Mercantile Capitalism enjoyed world domination for centuries but like all other business tactics, time makes them old and they get replaced by a newer and a better one. By the end of eighteenth century, neo-colonialism didn’t remain as strong as it once used to be and lost its sparkle and with it went down the mercantile capitalism and the world witnessed the dawn of Industrial Capitalism. With the start of the nineteenth century, great revolutions in Industrial field manifested and formed the basis for factory culture. Machines such as spinning jenny and cotton gin ruled the manufacturing grounds and produced remarkable results in terms of efficient output. As opposed to Mercantile Capitalism, the new trade strategy focused more on capital intensive market rather than going for labor intensive flea markets. Less labor me ant more machine work, and this is where people like Walter Shewhart and Eli Whitney come in. They revolutionized the trade with their great inventions (Green 74). Industrial machines such as spinning wheel, Spinning Jenny, Handloom and Power Loom etc., brought industry and trade to new heights. Productivity skyrocketed, and thus came mass production at lower prices. Technology wasn’t the only player in revolutionizing the trade; business practices played a huge part in it. Andrew Carnegie’s name will always be remembered in business reformation. Born in

Is spanking child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is spanking child abuse - Essay Example The varying points of view relate to the definition of spanking and further, what can be termed as rational force. In this light, spanking involves the physical infliction of pain as a sign of instilling discipline, better known as corporal punishment and it is legal as long as the force used is rational (Mercer 26). The definition of rational would also be important to point out, being the application of such force that will lead to the correction of the wrong behavior that does not lead to injury. The key to this definition, any force used to serve disciplinary action to the child may be termed as irrational when the behavior is not corrected or the circumstances do not show proof of a clear intent of correcting (Quinn 50). Although most people hold different opinions on the subject, spanking has been seen to be ineffective to correction and the infliction of pain may be termed as abuse to the children. Proponents of spanking believe that children who are spanked in their childhood years grow to be better adults. They express high codes of discipline and are less likely to engage in unlawful activity in their later years. This group believes that discipline is a vital issue in the society and every means possible must be used to uphold it (Mercer 31). Further, if a pinch on the arm would teach the child a lesson for a child who fought, another in class, then some teachers contend that the method would best be applied in the school environment. Some people believe that corporal punishment made them change in their earlier years, without which things would not have been the same if other methods had used. This perceived effectiveness of spanking is therefore used to justify this mode of abusive punishment. Conversely, it is imperative to go beyond the mere fact of correcting the child, to the psychological perspective of corporal punishment. Researchers in this line argue that

Virtual 3D Thermal Human Modelling

Virtual 3D Thermal Human Modelling In recent years, with the revolutionary changes and remarkable innovations on functional and intelligent materials, a growing trend on functional and smart wearable products have been introduced and accepted by the market. Clothing is one of the most common branches. For some fit or tight fit functional clothing, more design elements on human anatomy, physiology, pathophysiologic and biomechanics have been undertaken by them to enhance the special functions such as body protection, recovery, rehabilitation, treatment, shaping and performance enhancement. Mannequins, as one of the efficient design tools, also known as human model, are frequently-used by fashion designers, patternmakers and manufacturers, which equip them with tangible or virtual 3D model. Besides, digital 3D human models are increasingly adopted to enhance the efficiency and sustainability in these human centred disciples. Geometry human model (G-model) presents the basic dimensional information of human body. In front of these new revolutions on design and technology trends, the traditional G-model may not respond well to the emerging new requirements on design and manufacturing progress of functional clothing. The digital human body applied to fashion and functional design and manufacturing need be endued with more efficient information of the human body. There is a necessity toward launching functional human model, as an accelerating, enhancing and inspiring tool for fashionable and functional product design, especially for functional clothing design. Body temperature is a vital feature of human beings, which indicates the comfort and health status of the human body. As a heat transfer system, human body requires well-balanced thermoregulatory control loop. Clothing is often regarded as the second skin of the human body which can fulfil the functions of balancing the heat and moisture conditions and thus provide thermal comfort. Besides, problems like sub-health and ageing population gradually attract more attentions on healthcare. Due to the significant importance of body temperature in indicating the pathophysiologic features of the human body as emphasized by medical researchers in clinic, functional clothing with thermal functions like rehabilitation and treatment will be a meaningful, practical and innovative functional product to take care of the human body, like a special wearable medicine. Science and technology are changing the life of the human beings. Unquestionably, functional and smart products are the ongoing trend for the future. The thinking of the insiders, like researchers, designers or product developers, must be progressive with the tidal current of advances in science and technology. To develop thermal related functional products, a visualised and quantified human model is essential and prerequisite. Without accurate and reliable thermal information revealing the inside secrets of the human body, the process of functional product development is like that a blind man feels an elephant. Aworkmanmustsharpenhistoolsifheis to dohisworkwell.There is a knowledge gap and a tool absence for accurate and visualised functional design and manufacturing. To launch the thermal human modelling (T-model) is a far-sighted and necessary step. With the rapid developments of medical imaging and anthropometric technology, 3D body scanning and 2D Infrared thermography (IRT) provide relatively accurate and visible information of the human body, which help to further understand human body from physical, physiological and pathophysiologic aspects. 3D body scanners, as instruments to capture the whole body and create a set of dimensionally accurate data, are widely used in many areas, such as human modelling and human-centred product development in fashion industry. IRT has been used as an effective and non-invasive medical diagnosis tool, which helps to monitor the skin temperature distribution and evaluate the health conditions of the human body in an ocular way. These two facilities lay a solid foundation for the practicability of thermal human modelling. 1.2 Aims and objectives According to the knowledge gap and the tool absence for accurate and visualised functional design and manufacturing, besides the practicability based on the increasingly advanced medical imaging and anthropometric technology, five major aims and objectives of the research had been set up as shown from a to e. An in-depth discovery of the potential relationship among physically anthropometric parameters and physiological properties like body temperatures. A systematic approach on constructing visualised, quantified and individualized 3D thermal human modelling (Ti-model) with physiological features. A systematic approach on constructing visualised, quantified and individualized 3D thermal human modelling (Ti-model) with pathophysiologic features. Averaged 2D thermal images to be comparable with individual's IR images to detect the invisible abnormity of individuals for healthcare and diseases monitoring. 3D thermal human modelling (Ta-model) to be comparable with Ti-model to detect the invisible abnormity of individuals for healthcare and diseases monitoring. 1.3 The significances of the research This study will provide brand new and far-sighted solutions for the accurate accomplishment of functional products development, in special for functional clothing, with quantified and visualised T-models. The multi-disciplinary research broadens the field of vision for the human being and presenting the connections of physical, physiological and pathophysiologic features from aspects of statistics, 2D and 3D. The significances of the research are to be made in two aspects. For theoretical foundation, this research will built up a linkage between physical and physiological features of the human being which can awake the thinking on further quantitative between them and providing advisable index in functional design application. Besides, this study will advance the knowledge on the commonality of the skin temperature distributions of the human beings, which have great meaning for physiological study, clinic diagnose and ergonomic design applications. For individual applications, this new model can be applied to functional product development. Especially for functional clothing developers, they will be able to do 3D functional design, 3D pattern making and virtual fitting in an accurate, efficient and traceable way. In the times of 3D printing technology, it is an indispensable tool and platform for the antecedent parties in healthcare areas. 1.4 Research methodology A multidisciplinary methodology crossover thermal physiology, medical diagnose, computer graphics, ergonomics and functional design is adopted to accomplish the aims and objective of the study. The medical imaging and anthropometry technology help to acquire physical and physiological data of the human body from individual experiments. From the viewpoint of statistics, 2D and 3D dimensions, generalization and individual approaches on human thermal properties are to be analysed by means of statistical software, mathematical programming software and 3D design software. 1.5 Thesis organization This study has been conducted in the background stated above. The overall organization of this thesis is shown in Figure 1-1. Chapter 1 is the general introduction of the whole thesis including the background the research, aim and objectives of the research, significances of the research and research methodology. Chapter 2 is the theoretical foundation of the whole thesis including the literature review on two emphasized and carried out research areas, human thermal function and clothing, and 3D human model applied to Computer Aided Design in fashion industry. Chapter 3 introduced the research methodology of this study. The developments of medical imaging and anthropometry technology, an in-depth and specific foundation had been taken to further understanding human body in physical and physiological aspects. The computer graphic technology provided dependable software and tools to achieve the desired research aims and complete the interdisciplinary research. The employment of the data acquired from the individual experiments were introduced in Chapter 4,5 and 6 which constitute a systematic understanding platform of the human body from the viewpoint of statistics, 2D and 3D dimensions, universality and individuality on thermal properties. In Chapter 4, statistic analysis by means of correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted to find out the relationship among anthropometric parameters and body temperatures, which built up quantified connections of physical and physiological features of the human beings. Individualized thermal human modelling methods and results were introduced in Chapter 5. In this chapter, systematic introductions and illustrations were presented step by step on how to construct a Ti-model with physiological and pathophysiologic features. The first step was to pre-process the 3D body scanning data including data alignment, data cleaning and component selections. Simultaneously, skin temperature data sets were pre-processed by plotting into 2D thermal images with physiological or pathophysiologic features by mathematical programming. The last step was thermal model construction. The 2D thermal images with physiological or pathophysiologic features were projected to 3D human body and the corresponding Ti-model with physiological or pathophysiologic features was created. This chapter was to quantify and visualise the invisible body code conveyed by the skin temperatures in the aspect of three-dimension and individualization. Chapter 6 introduced the studies on distribution regularity of skin temperature from two dimensions with averaged IR images and its application on three-dimensional thermal human modelling (Ta-model). In the programming environment of Matlab software, mathematical calculation and anatomical landmarks of the human body were combined to find out the regularity of skin temperatures distributions of the human beings. The mapping process from 2D IR images to 3D individual G-model created Ta-model. The examples of comparing with individual's IR images and Ti-model had been presented, which helped to detect the invisible individual differences for healthcare and diseases monitoring. This research progress bridges over the gap between science research and technology applications on thermal studies with quantified and visualised methods. Chapter 7 were the conclusions of the works and the suggestions for future research work were brought forward. Bibliography and Appendix I to V for previous chapters were sequentially attached behind Chapter 7.

Optimization of Ritalin for more Effective Results Essay -- Methylphen

Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin in the hopes of discovering a more effective version of this medication. Through research, it can be concluded that none the analogs suggested are suitable candidates for new drugs based on the results. Introduction: With 3-5 percent of school children today diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD has been reported to account for 50 percent of the child psychiatric population seen at the clinic. Methylphenidate (figure 1) serves as the dominant drug used in medications counteracting the symptoms of ADHD. (1) Among those medications, Ritalin is currently prescribed for daily use to 1.5 million school children in the United States, making it one of the most widely used prescription medications today. (2) The optimization of Ritalin is of utmost importance and will therefore, be the topic of this project. Scientists believe that ADHD is caused by an imbalance between dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. However, this theory remains questionable due to an insufficient amount of evidence. Methylphenidate’s mechanism of action, Fig. 1: Methylphenidate Molecular Structure which is based on dopamine synaptic uptake inhibition, essentially allows it to binds to ... ... Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1997) 29 July 2008 2) Ritalin: Fast Facts. Do It Now Foundation. 29 July 2008. figure 1: United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 28 2008. figure 2: Medscape. July 28 2008. title picture: Wikimedia. July 28 2008. figure 4: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. figure 5: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. %28primary%29-skeletal.png> figure 8: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. svg> Optimization of Ritalin for more Effective Results Essay -- Methylphen Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin in the hopes of discovering a more effective version of this medication. Through research, it can be concluded that none the analogs suggested are suitable candidates for new drugs based on the results. Introduction: With 3-5 percent of school children today diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD has been reported to account for 50 percent of the child psychiatric population seen at the clinic. Methylphenidate (figure 1) serves as the dominant drug used in medications counteracting the symptoms of ADHD. (1) Among those medications, Ritalin is currently prescribed for daily use to 1.5 million school children in the United States, making it one of the most widely used prescription medications today. (2) The optimization of Ritalin is of utmost importance and will therefore, be the topic of this project. Scientists believe that ADHD is caused by an imbalance between dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. However, this theory remains questionable due to an insufficient amount of evidence. Methylphenidate’s mechanism of action, Fig. 1: Methylphenidate Molecular Structure which is based on dopamine synaptic uptake inhibition, essentially allows it to binds to ... ... Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1997) 29 July 2008 2) Ritalin: Fast Facts. Do It Now Foundation. 29 July 2008. figure 1: United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 28 2008. figure 2: Medscape. July 28 2008. title picture: Wikimedia. July 28 2008. figure 4: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. figure 5: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. %28primary%29-skeletal.png> figure 8: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. svg>